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Chamaecrista rotundifolia
''Chamaecrista rotundifolia'', round-leaf cassia,〔Cook, B.G. et al. (2005). “Chamaecrista rotundifolia”. Tropical Forages. Retrieved 18 November 20130 from http://www.tropicalforages.info/key/Forages/Media/Html/Chamaecrista_rotundifolia.htm〕 also known as pasto rastiero, roundleaf sensitive pea,〔Izaguirre de Artucio, P. (n.d.). “Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Persoon) Greene.” FAO Grassland Species. Retrieved November 17, 2013 from http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/gbase/data/pf000516.htm〕 and Wynn cassia,〔Queensland Government. “Round-leaf cassia Chamaecrista rotundifolia var. rotundifolia.” Weeds of Australia: Biosecurity Queensland Edition. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/03030800-0b07-490a-8d04-0605030c0f01/media/Html/Chamaecrista_rotundifolia_var._rotundifolia.htm〕 is a short-lived perennial or self-generating annual plant 〔 belonging to the Fabaceae family and Caesalpinioideae subfamily.〔United States Department of Agriculture (n.d.). “Classification for Kingdom Plantae Down to Species Chamaecrista rotundifolia (Pers.) Greene.” Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved November 18 from http://plants.usda.gov/java/ClassificationServlet?source=display&classid=CHRO3〕 It originated in North America, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, and Tropical South America but is grown in other parts of the world today.〔
It grows in dry soils and areas of low rainfall, as well as in low-fertility and acidic soils with high levels of solubilized aluminum.〔University of Queensland (n.d.). “Round-leafed cassia.” NSW Department of Primary Industries: Agriculture. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/pastures/pastures-and-rangelands/species-varieties/factsheets/round-leafed-cassia〕 It can also reduce erosion and runoff over time.〔Fujisaka, Sam. (1999). Systems and Farmer Participatory Research: Developments in Research on Natural Resource Management. CIAT. p. 79. ISBN 958-694-009-8. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://books.google.ca/books?id=DkJNEoNinwcC&dq=chamaecrista+rotundifolia+benefits+erosion&source=gbs_navlinks_s〕 These factors make it a potential asset to farmers in the African Subtropics and elsewhere where soil quality is a barrier to farming.〔International Food Policy Research Institute (2002). “Nurturing the Soil in Sub-Saharan Africa.” IFPRI. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/nv_0702.pdf〕 It serves as a source of feed for livestock 〔Clements, R.J.; Jones, R.M.; Valdes, L.R.; Bunch, G.A. (1996) “Selection of Chamaecrista rotundifolia by Cattle.” Tropical Grasslands 30: 389-394. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/Tropical%20Grasslands%20Journal%20archive/PDFs/Vol_30_1996/Vol_30_04_96_pp389_394.pdf〕 and acts as a green fertilizer, raising soil quality and nutrient content which can improve yields.〔Larbi, A.; Adekunle, I.O.; Awojide, A.; Akinlade, J. (1999). “Identifying Chamaecrista rotundifolia accessions and Centrosema species for bridging seasonal feed gaps in smallholder mixed farms in the West African derived savanna.” Tropical Grasslands 33: 91–97. Retrieved 17 November 2013 from http://www.tropicalgrasslands.asn.au/Tropical%20Grasslands%20Journal%20archive/PDFs/Vol_33_1999/Vol_33_02_99_pp91_97.pdf〕 These combined benefits make round-leaf cassia a potential solution to many problems faced by poor farmers and their communities.
== Description ==
Round-leaf cassia is a fast covering perennial forage legume.〔Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (n.d.). “Cassia rotundifolia Pers.” FAO Grassland Species Profiles. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Gbase/data/pf000014.htm〕 Its sub-woody, semi-erect stem is covered in small hairs and can grow up to 1 metre in height, with a shallow tap-root.〔 Some identifiable physical traits are its small axillary yellow flowers (depending on the season) and the characteristic round bifoliolate leaves for which it is named.〔 Round-leaf Cassia grows mainly in the summer, but remains active during the spring and autumn months and has two flowering seasons, one in spring and another in summer.〔 It is self-fertilizing and produces a good amount of seed on its own through natural reseeding.〔
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